Kunming - Montreal GBF

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)

  • During the COP 14 in 2018, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity cited lack of implementation tools and failure to involve all sectors of society as reasons for limited progress in the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets. They agreed to develop ambitious goals Following four years of negotiations, the Parties adopted a strategic plan called the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)* during COP 15.

    * The framework, tentatively known as a post-2020 global biodiversity framework (post-2020 GBF), was named after the two host cities in China and Canada―Kunming and Montreal. As Kunming was unable to host the physical meeting of COP 15 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided that the meeting would take place at the seat of the Secretariat, which is Montreal, Canada.

  • The GBF aims to catalyze and enable transformative action across all sectors of the economy and all parts of society, with the vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050. It includes 4 long-term goals for 2050 and 23 targets to be achieved by 2030, as well as information about their implementation and evaluation.
    The framework’s targets are more ambitious and concrete than its predecessor, including conserving and managing at least 30% of the world’s land and oceans as protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, restoring at least 30% of degraded terrestrial and marine ecosystems, reducing the overall risk from excess nutrients lost to the environment, pesticides and hazardous chemicals, and reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of invasive alien species by at least 50%.
    Other targets address the financial resources needed to halt the biodiversity loss and the current divide, such as progressively reducing harmful subsidies at least $500 billion per year by 2030. In particular, Target 19 ensures to mobilize at least $200 billion per year by 2030, including increasing international financial resources from developed countries to developing countries to at least $20 billion per year by 2025, and $30 billion per year by 2030.
Vision2050 Vision
Living in harmony with nature
Goals2050 Goals
  • A

    Protect and Restore

  • B

    Prosper with Nature

  • C

    Share Benefits Fairly

  • D

    Invest and Collaborate

2030 Action Targets
Reducing threats to biodiversity
  1. 01Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss
  2. 02Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
  3. 03Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
  4. 04Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts
  5. 05Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species
  6. 06Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimize Their Impact
  7. 07Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity
  8. 08Minimize the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience
Meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing
  1. 09Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People
  2. 10Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
  3. 11Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People
  4. 12Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity
  5. 13Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
Tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming
  1. 14Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
  2. 15Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
  3. 16Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
  4. 17Strengthen Biosafety and Distribute the Benefits of Biotechnology
  5. 18Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
  6. 19Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
  7. 20Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
  8. 21Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
  9. 22Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
  10. 23Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
Implementation, Monitoring and Review
Incorporate the contents of the GBF into the National Biodiversity Strategy, establish a global implementation monitoring system, and conduct indicator-based monitoring and evaluation